室內衛生間潔具應用及國內外室內基礎設施比較

　　{一}、室內(nei)衛生間潔具應(ying)用
　　1、衛生容器和便器
　　在(zai)女(nv)(nv)廁所(suo)中的(de)問題是放(fang)置廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)的(de)衛(wei)生容器(qi)的(de)位置問題。設(she)計(ji)衛(wei)生容器(qi)需要特別(bie)注意(yi)的(de)是：(1)在(zai)很(hen)多廁所(suo)間(jian)內廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)容器(qi)設(she)置在(zai)坐(zuo)便器(qi)旁(pang)邊(bian)一(yi)個本來就己很(hen)狹小的(de)空(kong)間(jian)里，這樣可(ke)能會導致女(nv)(nv)性(xing)坐(zuo)在(zai)馬(ma)桶(tong)上的(de)時候那(nei)些(xie)不(bu)衛(wei)生的(de)己經滿出廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)容器(qi)的(de)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)接(jie)觸到其腿(tui)部。(2)當女(nv)(nv)性(xing)需要坐(zuo)在(zai)坐(zuo)便器(qi)上，一(yi)些(xie)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)容器(qi)設(she)計(ji)的(de)甚至比坐(zuo)便器(qi)的(de)頂蓋還(huan)要高(gao)，以至于(yu)最終溢(yi)出并且使使用(yong)者在(zai)使用(yong)馬(ma)桶(tong)時受(shou)到阻礙(ai)。
　　在廁所坐便器周圍應該留有足夠的空隙(xi)，為了避免因此(ci)而導致(zhi)廁所間加寬(kuan)，在(zai)(zai)坐便器(qi)和墻之間增設一個管道和水箱，使(shi)其留一段(duan)空隙(xi)，廢物(wu)容(rong)器(qi)就可以(yi)放置在(zai)(zai)坐便器(qi)的后面。
　　2、洗(xi)手及干燥設(she)施
　　從廁所(suo)間出(chu)來面對的(de)(de)問題就(jiu)是洗(xi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)設(she)施(shi)，建議(yi)所(suo)有通(tong)過手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)使用(yong)的(de)(de)物(wu)品(pin)都應(ying)(ying)(ying)該放(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)距地面900mm左右的(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)(du)，不(bu)高(gao)于1200mm，不(bu)能(neng)放(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)與(yu)(yu)眼睛(jing)齊平的(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)(du)。鏡(jing)子應(ying)(ying)(ying)該從地面起高(gao)度(du)(du)約(yue)為900mm，可以(yi)高(gao)至(zhi)1700mm甚(shen)至(zhi)1800mm，女(nv)性(xing)更喜(xi)歡全身(shen)鏡(jing)。洗(xi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)池(chi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)700-750mm高(gao)度(du)(du)左右，這樣可以(yi)照顧到小孩(hai)和殘疾人，800-900mm是平均的(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)(du)，如果(guo)洗(xi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)池(chi)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)750mm高(gao)度(du)(du)，那么(me)人們(men)還是可以(yi)將手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)往下直接放(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)于其內的(de)(de)。洗(xi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)及烘(hong)干設(she)備(bei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該根據高(gao)度(du)(du)盡量合理(li)的(de)(de)布置(zhi)(zhi)，洗(xi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)及干手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)設(she)施(shi)與(yu)(yu)廁所(suo)間之間不(bu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)有臺階。對于那些(xie)傾向(xiang)于出(chu)廁后洗(xi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)人應(ying)(ying)(ying)該考慮在(zai)(zai)廁所(suo)單元外設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)額外的(de)(de)紅(hong)外非(fei)接觸型洗(xi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)池(chi)。
　　{二}、室內基礎設施(shi)比(bi)較
　　隨著生活(huo)(huo)品質要求的提高(gao)，城(cheng)市公廁(ce)的設施也應(ying)該(gai)升級，使我們的生活(huo)(huo)方便。國內目前城(cheng)市公廁(ce)的設施狀況主要為：不銹鋼蹲便器、小便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、洗(xi)(xi)手(shou)(shou)池、掛衣鉤(gou)。少數(shu)中(zhong)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)所還包括座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、殘(can)疾人(ren)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)、衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)紙(zhi)、放物(wu)臺、洗(xi)(xi)手(shou)(shou)液、熱風干手(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)/擦手(shou)(shou)紙(zhi)等(deng)(deng)。而在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)研(yan)中(zhong)發現(xian)，城(cheng)市公(gong)(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)主要(yao)(yao)為(wei)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)所，數(shu)為(wei)活動(dong)式公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)所補充。而其(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)室內(nei)基本(ben)(ben)設(she)施過國內(nei)：座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、兒童小便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)墊紙(zhi)、小便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、洗(xi)(xi)手(shou)(shou)池、掛鉤(gou)、衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)紙(zhi)、放物(wu)臺、洗(xi)(xi)手(shou)(shou)液、擦手(shou)(shou)紙(zhi)/熱風干手(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)設(she)施，另外(wai)(wai)(wai)，除了(le)殘(can)疾人(ren)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)外(wai)(wai)(wai)，還有餐廳或者(zhe)博(bo)物(wu)館等(deng)(deng)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)所內(nei)設(she)置了(le)母嬰廁(ce)(ce)(ce)所。蹲(dun)便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)向(xiang)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)改變(bian)。蹲(dun)便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)(dian)：不(bu)用身體(ti)(ti)接觸，衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)，不(bu)易堵(du)塞；缺點(dian)(dian)：不(bu)適合年齡較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)人(ren)群和體(ti)(ti)質人(ren)群(如孕婦，運動(dong)員等(deng)(deng))使(shi)用，蹲(dun)時間過長容(rong)易腿麻，水壓過大(da)沖(chong)(chong)水容(rong)易濺(jian)出便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)，地面衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)較(jiao)(jiao)差，易滑倒。座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)(dian)：適合各類(lei)人(ren)群，沖(chong)(chong)水不(bu)會外(wai)(wai)(wai)濺(jian)，地面衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)較(jiao)(jiao)好；缺點(dian)(dian)：需要(yao)(yao)身體(ti)(ti)接觸，不(bu)夠衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)，易堵(du)塞。從蹲(dun)便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)向(xiang)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)改進(jin)原本(ben)(ben)這(zhe)是進(jin)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)象征(zheng)，但是在(zai)問卷調(diao)研(yan)中(zhong)，所有使(shi)用者(zhe)均(jun)不(bu)愿意(yi)使(shi)用目前公(gong)(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，即使(shi)公(gong)(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)內(nei)提供(gong)可更換的(de)(de)(de)(de)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)墊圈，依然有62.5%的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)不(bu)愿意(yi)使(shi)用，主要(yao)(yao)原因為(wei)麻煩，設(she)施無人(ren)維護，對公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)不(bu)放心(xin)等(deng)(deng)。這(zhe)一點(dian)(dian)上和的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)相反，歐洲(zhou)城(cheng)市已經(jing)沒有蹲(dun)便(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)，尤其(qi)德國廁(ce)(ce)(ce)所衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)，使(shi)用舒(shu)適。