景區公廁管理問題以及無性別公共衛生間的設立

其一、景區(qu)公廁管(guan)理問題
許多景(jing)區(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)(shi)存在不規范的(de)(de)問題，成(cheng)為(wei)游客識(shi)(shi)(shi)別景(jing)區(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)障礙。景(jing)區(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)缺乏(fa)誘導(dao)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)(shi)，導(dao)致游客置身公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)之外(wai)卻到處打聽，給人造成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)缺乏(fa)、布局不合(he)理的(de)(de)假(jia)象。按(an)照規定(ding)：廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)門(men)男女標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)應(ying)采用標(biao)(biao)準圖形，安裝位置醒目(mu)。標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)用公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共信息圖形符號(hao)寫明(ming)，正確的(de)(de)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)所圖形符號(hao)應(ying)為(wei)白(bai)底，圖形為(wei)穿西服男士與穿裙子女士，顏色(se)只能(neng)(neng)使用黑(hei)色(se)、藍色(se)、棕色(se)等，而(er)不能(neng)(neng)使用紅色(se)，因(yin)為(wei)紅色(se)指(zhi)的(de)(de)是(shi)禁止通行。標(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)(shi)牌固定(ding)在門(men)旁而(er)不能(neng)(neng)貼(tie)在門(men)上，防止開(kai)關廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)門(men)時導(dao)致公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)外(wai)的(de)(de)使用者(zhe)無法看到標(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)(shi)。①另外(wai)，仍(reng)有不少景(jing)區(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)(shi)牌用“WC”。WC的(de)(de)英文詞組是(shi)“Water-Closet”，意為(wei)沖水廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)所，相當于我們所說的(de)(de)茅坑，用于非正式場合(he)的(de)(de)簡(jian)陋(lou)解手(shou)設施。規范的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)英語單(dan)詞為(wei)“Toilet”，男廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)間為(wei)“Men/Male/Gents”，女廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)間為(wei)“Women/Female/Ladies”。
許(xu)多景區公廁的(de)建(jian)(jian)設與(yu)改造，人們(men)關注的(de)熱點都是外觀(guan)新穎以及(ji)(ji)設施豪(hao)華。但景區公廁的(de)建(jian)(jian)設只是短(duan)期(qi)的(de)，管理是長(chang)期(qi)的(de)。景區公廁中廁位(wei)門插銷(xiao)及(ji)(ji)水的(de)損壞、馬桶漏水等現象屢(lv)見不鮮。景(jing)區(qu)公廁(ce)應有(you)(you)男女(nv)分(fen)設的專職保潔(jie)員(yuan)，統一(yi)著裝，佩帶標志，定時(shi)清掃。但在(zai)實(shi)際中，保潔(jie)員(yuan)大都(dou)是男女(nv)廁(ce)混用(yong)，其(qi)中多數缺乏(fa)服務的主動性且素質較差。還有(you)(you)一(yi)些(xie)景(jing)區(qu)在(zai)淡季將景(jing)區(qu)公廁(ce)關(guan)門(men)，景(jing)區(qu)公廁(ce)形(xing)同虛設。洗手(shou)(shou)液、衛生紙、擦手(shou)(shou)毛巾等用(yong)品，只有(you)(you)檢查(cha)時(shi)才(cai)有(you)(you)，游客(ke)享受不到(dao)應有(you)(you)的服務。這些(xie)都(dou)說明我國景(jing)區(qu)公廁(ce)的管(guan)理水平滯后，管(guan)理遠落后于建設，缺乏(fa)嚴(yan)格的監管(guan)制(zhi)度。
其二、無性別公共衛生(sheng)間(jian)的設立應多關(guan)愛女性
我(wo)國城市公(gong)共(gong)衛(wei)生間經歷多次(ci)“廁(ce)(ce)所革命”，由露天(tian)旱(han)式到深坑水沖(chong)再到自動(dong)馬(ma)桶，無不表(biao)明(ming)我(wo)國沒有終止“廁(ce)(ce)所文明(ming)”前進的(de)步伐。網上數(shu)據，截止到2003年底，我(wo)國城市公(gong)共(gong)衛(wei)生間覆(fu)蓋已達到107949座。基本(ben)滿足數(shu)量的(de)同時，“女性如廁(ce)(ce)難”始(shi)終是影響城市發展的(de)一大(da)難題(ti)。狹窄的(de)隔間、未密封的(de)垃圾桶、無數(shu)人(ren)用過(guo)的(de)不銹鋼坐便、骯臟的衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)環(huan)境讓女(nv)(nv)性(xing)一(yi)不小(xiao)心(xin)(xin)就會和微生(sheng)(sheng)物病(bing)菌來個親密(mi)接觸。我們(men)應對女(nv)(nv)性(xing)多一(yi)份(fen)關愛(ai)：設立(li)私密(mi)育(yu)嬰設施(shi)和哺乳間；安(an)置感應水為(wei)難騰出手抱小(xiao)孩的女(nv)(nv)性(xing)提供便(bian)利；為(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)理期女(nv)(nv)性(xing)提供紙巾(jin)或衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)用(yong)品自動售賣裝置；滿足(zu)嬰兒車進入(ru)公共衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)間的便(bian)利坡道等，讓女(nv)(nv)性(xing)如廁(ce)環(huan)境衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)舒(shu)適(shi)不再(zai)小(xiao)心(xin)(xin)翼(yi)翼(yi)與(yu)恐慌。
無性(xing)(xing)(xing)別衛(wei)生間(jian)(jian)，又稱“中性(xing)(xing)(xing)衛(wei)生間(jian)(jian)”，起初是(shi)專(zhuan)為(wei)殘疾人、老年人和兒童使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)“人性(xing)(xing)(xing)衛(wei)生間(jian)(jian)”，方(fang)便同(tong)行(xing)者照顧一并進入的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)空間(jian)(jian)。網絡“我(wo)國2010年第(di)六(liu)次(ci)人口(kou)普查相(xiang)比往年逐(zhu)年遞增，同(tong)2000年第(di)五(wu)次(ci)普查增長了5.84%。男(nan)(nan)(nan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)人口(kou)為(wei)686852572人，占51.27%；女(nv)性(xing)(xing)(xing)人口(kou)為(wei)652872280人，占48.73%。總(zong)人口(kou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)別比(以(yi)女(nv)性(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)100，男(nan)(nan)(nan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)對(dui)女(nv)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)比例)由2000年第(di)五(wu)次(ci)人口(kou)普查的(de)106.74下降為(wei)105.2。男(nan)(nan)(nan)女(nv)比例差異的(de)縮小(xiao)，意味著女(nv)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)如廁(ce)需求會逐(zhu)漸增加。無性(xing)(xing)(xing)別公共衛(wei)生間(jian)(jian)因(yin)(yin)男(nan)(nan)(nan)女(nv)都(dou)可以(yi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，所以(yi)空間(jian)(jian)內的(de)環(huan)境(jing)因(yin)(yin)男(nan)(nan)(nan)女(nv)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)式不同(tong)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)頻率(lv)高(gao)、空氣環(huan)境(jing)差、地面污(wu)染嚴(yan)重、衛(wei)生產品設施(shi)消耗快等。