老年游客對景區公廁的需求及國內外室內基礎設施比較

　　其一、老年游客對景(jing)區公廁的(de)使(shi)用需求
　　景區(qu)公(gong)廁的(de)服務對象主要是(shi)身處景區(qu)的(de)游客。普通(tong)成(cheng)年(nian)男女(nv)在(zai)(zai)游客總人數(shu)中占絕大多數(shu)。然而，還有(you)一部(bu)分的(de)游客，因其(qi)自身具有(you)的(de)生理(li)特(te)征或(huo)行為特(te)征，在(zai)(zai)使用景區(qu)公(gong)廁的(de)過程中較普通(tong)成(cheng)年(nian)游客有(you)的(de)要求。
　　普通成年男女游(you)客之外的(de)游(you)客，按(an)其不同的(de)生理特征(zheng)與的(de)用廁需(xu)求可(ke)劃分(fen)為(wei)以下四種游(you)客類型：
　　上(shang)將(jiang)65歲(sui)(sui)以(yi)上(shang)的人(ren)(ren)確(que)定為(wei)(wei)老年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)，我國(guo)界定60歲(sui)(sui)以(yi)上(shang)的公民(min)為(wei)(wei)老年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)。目前我國(guo)60歲(sui)(sui)以(yi)上(shang)的老年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)達1.2億，占總(zong)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)的10%。自60歲(sui)(sui)開(kai)始(shi)，人(ren)(ren)的身體機能逐漸衰(shuai)老，行動趨(qu)于遲緩，據此生理特征和行為(wei)(wei)特征為(wei)(wei)出發點，將(jiang)60周歲(sui)(sui)以(yi)上(shang)的游客稱為(wei)(wei)老年(nian)(nian)游客。
　　據(ju)世界旅游(you)(you)(you)組織數(shu)據(ju)，發達60歲以上(shang)老年(nian)(nian)(nian)游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)(ke)(ke)占游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)(ke)(ke)總數(shu)的(de)80%，進入我國(guo)(guo)旅游(you)(you)(you)的(de)老年(nian)(nian)(nian)游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)(ke)(ke)比例。在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)內景區(qu)中，老年(nian)(nian)(nian)游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)(ke)(ke)已占游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)(ke)(ke)總人數(shu)的(de)6006左(zuo)右(you)。與中、青年(nian)(nian)(nian)人相比，老年(nian)(nian)(nian)人的(de)出游(you)(you)(you)不受工作日(ri)限制，景區(qu)在(zai)(zai)法定節假日(ri)以外(wai)的(de)時段接待的(de)游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)(ke)(ke)中，老年(nian)(nian)(nian)游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)(ke)(ke)所占比例己逾(yu)八成。
　　這類游客的生理特征比較，行動遲緩、小便周期頻繁、間隔時(shi)間短(duan)等因(yin)素導(dao)致他們(men)在游玩(wan)中出(chu)現令人尷尬(ga)的情況(kuang)時(shi)有發生。所以，在景區公(gong)廁和的(de)規(gui)劃設計中(zhong)，其(qi)服務半徑與間距的(de)計算以老年(nian)游客的(de)生理特征為依據。
　　其二(er)、室內基(ji)礎設施比較(jiao)
　　隨(sui)著生活品質要(yao)求的(de)提高，城市公廁的(de)設施也應該升級，使我們的(de)生活方便。國(guo)內目前(qian)城市公廁的(de)設施狀況主要(yao)為：不銹鋼蹲便、小(xiao)(xiao)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、洗手(shou)(shou)池(chi)、掛(gua)(gua)衣鉤。少(shao)數(shu)中(zhong)公(gong)共(gong)建筑中(zhong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)所(suo)(suo)還包括座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、殘疾(ji)人(ren)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)、衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)紙(zhi)、放(fang)物(wu)(wu)臺、洗手(shou)(shou)液(ye)(ye)、熱風(feng)干手(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)/擦手(shou)(shou)紙(zhi)等(deng)(deng)。而(er)在(zai)的調研(yan)中(zhong)發現(xian)，城市(shi)公(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)主要(yao)為(wei)公(gong)共(gong)建筑中(zhong)的廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)所(suo)(suo)，極少(shao)數(shu)為(wei)活動(dong)式公(gong)共(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)所(suo)(suo)補充。而(er)其中(zhong)的室內(nei)基本設(she)施水(shui)(shui)平高過(guo)國內(nei)：座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、兒童小(xiao)(xiao)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)墊(dian)紙(zhi)、小(xiao)(xiao)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、洗手(shou)(shou)池(chi)、掛(gua)(gua)鉤、衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)紙(zhi)、放(fang)物(wu)(wu)臺、洗手(shou)(shou)液(ye)(ye)、擦手(shou)(shou)紙(zhi)/熱風(feng)干手(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)設(she)施，另(ling)外，除了殘疾(ji)人(ren)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)外，還有(you)餐廳或者博物(wu)(wu)館等(deng)(deng)公(gong)共(gong)建筑廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)所(suo)(suo)內(nei)設(she)置了母嬰廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)所(suo)(suo)。蹲(dun)(dun)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)向(xiang)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的改變(bian)。蹲(dun)(dun)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的優點：不用身體(ti)(ti)接觸(chu)，衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，不易(yi)堵塞(sai)；缺(que)點：不適合年齡較大人(ren)群和(he)體(ti)(ti)質人(ren)群(如孕婦，運(yun)動(dong)員等(deng)(deng))使(shi)(shi)用，蹲(dun)(dun)時間過(guo)長容易(yi)腿麻，水(shui)(shui)壓過(guo)大沖(chong)水(shui)(shui)容易(yi)濺出(chu)(chu)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外，地面(mian)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)狀況較差，易(yi)滑倒。座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的優點：適合各(ge)類(lei)人(ren)群，沖(chong)水(shui)(shui)不會(hui)外濺，地面(mian)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)狀況較好；缺(que)點：需要(yao)身體(ti)(ti)接觸(chu)，不夠衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，易(yi)堵塞(sai)。從蹲(dun)(dun)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)向(xiang)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的改進原(yuan)本這是(shi)進步(bu)的象(xiang)征，但是(shi)在(zai)問卷調研(yan)中(zhong)，所(suo)(suo)有(you)使(shi)(shi)用者均不愿意使(shi)(shi)用目前公(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)內(nei)的座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，即使(shi)(shi)公(gong)廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)內(nei)提供可更換的座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)墊(dian)圈，依然有(you)62.5%的人(ren)不愿意使(shi)(shi)用，主要(yao)原(yuan)因為(wei)麻煩，設(she)施無(wu)人(ren)維護，對(dui)公(gong)共(gong)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)狀況不放(fang)心等(deng)(deng)。這一點上和(he)的情況相反，歐洲(zhou)城市(shi)已(yi)經(jing)沒有(you)蹲(dun)(dun)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的出(chu)(chu)現(xian)，尤(you)其德國廁(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)所(suo)(suo)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)狀況，使(shi)(shi)用舒適。